Death Rites and Hawaiian Royalty

The bones of Hawaii's King Kamehameha the Great were hidden at night in a secret location. In contrast, his successor Kamehameha III had a half-mile-long funeral procession to the Royal Tomb watched by thousands. Drawing on missionary journals, government publications and Hawaiian and English language newspapers, this book describes changes in funerary practices for Hawaiian royalty and details the observance of each royal death beginning with that of Kamehameha in 1819.
Funeral observances of Western royalty provided an extravagant model for their Hawaiian counterparts yet many indigenous practices endured. Mourners no longer knocked out their teeth or tattooed their tongues but mass wailing, feather standards and funeral dirges continued well into the 20th century. Dozens of historic drawings and photographs provide rare glimpses of the obsequies of the Kamehameha and Kalakaua dynasties. Descriptions of the burial sites provide locations of the final resting places of Hawaii's royalty.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments
Preface
Introduction
Death of Kamehameha the Great
Death of Likelike and Traditional Hawaii Mourning Practices
An Early Model
Lying in State
Funerals
Processions
Royal Deaths After the Overthrow
1. Royal Deaths
Royal Deaths During the Kamehameha Dynasty
Kamehameha the Great (1819) 17; Kauwai (1823) 18; Ke p olani (1823) 21; George Cox Ke'eaumoku (1824) 25; Kaumuali'i (1824) 28; Kamehameha II and Kam malu (1824) 31; Kalanimoku (1827) 36; N m hana (1829) 36; Kamanele (1831) 38; Keaweawe'ulaokalani I (1832) 38; Queen Ka'ahumanu, Kuhina Nui (1832) 38; David Kamehameha (1835) 40; John Young (1835) 41; N hi'ena'ena (1837) 41; K na'u (1839) 44; Kuini Liliha (1839) 46; Hoapili (1840) 47; Chiefess Kapi'olani (1841) 47; Keaweawe'ulaokalani II (1842) 48; Hoapili Wahine (1842) 48; Ha'alilio (1845) 48; Kek uluohi (1845) 50; William Pitt Leleiohoku, Ka'imina'auao and Moses Kekuaiwa (1848) 51; Keali'iahonui (1849) 53; Ka' ana'eha (1850) 55; Kekau' nohi (1851) 55; James Young Kanehoa (1851) 56; James Kaliokalani (1852) and Polly Pa'a' ina (1853) 57; Kamehameha III (1854) 58; Abner P k (1855) 63; K nia (1857) 64; Keoni Ana (1857) 65; Joshua Kaeo (1858) 66; Thomas Charles Byde Rooke (1858) 66; John William Pitt K na'u (1859) 68; Bennet N m k h (1860) 69; Abigail Maheha (1861) 70; Jane Lahilahi Young (1862) 72; Prince of Hawai'i (1862) 72; Keolaokalani P k Bishop (1863) 74; King Kamehameha IV (1863) 74; Robert Crichton Wyllie (1865) 79; Princess Victoria Kam malu (1866) 80; Grace Kama'iku'i (1866) 82; Kaisara (Caesar) Kapa'akea (1866) 83; Mataio Kek an o'a, Kuhina Nui (1868) 85; High Chiefess Keohok ­ lole (1869) 87; Queen Kalama (1870) 88; Kamehameha V (1872) 92; Jane Loeau (1873) 94; King William Charles Lunalilo (1874)
Royal Deaths During the Kal kaua Dynasty 98 Charles Kana'ina (1877) 99; William Pitt Leleiohoku Kalahoolewa (1877) 100; Fanny Kekelaokalani Young (1880) 103; Peter Young Kaeo (1880) 104; Ruth Keanolani Kana­ hoa­ hoa Ke'elik lani (1883) 106; Princess Victoria K hi Kinoiki Kekaulike (1884) 111; Bernice Pauahi Bishop (1884) 112; Queen Emma (1885) 115; Princess Miriam Likelike (1887) 121; Prince Edward Abel Keliiahonui (1887) 126; King
David Kal kaua (1891) 127; John Owen Dominis (1891)
Royal Deaths During the Provisional Government and the Republic of Hawaii 138 Virginia Kapooloku Po'omaikelani (1895) 138; Ka'iulani (1899) 139; Queen Kapi'olani (1899)
Royal Deaths During the Territory of Hawaii 146 Albert K nui kea (1903) 147; Robert W. Wilcox (1903) 150; Mary K nui kea (1904) 152; David Kaw nanakoa (1908) 152; Archibald Scott Cleghorn (1910) 156; Charles Reed Bishop (1915) 157; Lili'uokalani (1917) 158; Jonah K hi Kalaniana'ole (1922) 166; Elizabeth Keka'aniau (1928) 170; Elizabeth Kahanu (1932) 171; Abigail Wahi'ika'ahu'ula Campbell (1945) 172; David Kal kaua Kaw nanakoa (1953)
2. Burial Places
Fort Tomb
Tomb near Halekamani
Moku'ula Tomb
Royal Tomb at Pohukaina, Honolulu (1825)
Mauna 'Ala, Royal Mausoleum at Kaw nanakoa, Nu'uanu, Honolulu 184 John Young Tomb 187; Kamehameha Tomb (1887) 187;
Wyllie Tomb (1904) 190; Kalakaua Crypt (1910) 192; Kaw nakoa Tomb at Mauna 'Ala 198; Lunalilo Mausoleum (1875)
3. Undertakers
Conclusion
Glossary
Chapter Notes
Bibliography
Index