This book offers a comprehensive and up-to-date exploration of the basic properties and functionalities of Bacillus subtilis and its biochemically classified extracellular metabolites within the context of One Health applications. It highlights the probiotic potential of this versatile bacterial species, examining the diverse mechanisms through which it delivers health benefits to humans, animals, plants, and ecosystems, while also emphasizing its safety profile. In addition, the book also dedicates itself to the clinical and therapeutic potential of Bacillus subtilis, particularly through its production of bioactive peptides. It also examines its role as a biofertilizer, biocontrol agent, and environmental remediation, showcasing its promise for advancing sustainable agriculture and ensuring a healthier, more resilient environment.