The German Army and the Defence of the Reich

An exploration of the development of military theory and doctrine in the German army between the wars.

Introduction and definitions; Part I. The Foundations of Defensive Warfare in the Inter-War Period: 1. Defence doctrine before the First World War; 2. The lessons of the First World War; 3. Military planning in the aftermath of the First World War; Part II. The Seeckt Era: Years of Ignorance: 4. Hans von Seeckt and the rebirth of the offensive; 5. The manual Führung und Gefecht der verbundenen Waffen and the conduct of the defensive battle; Part III. Adapting to Reality 1923-33: 6. Military thought after the occupation of the Ruhr; 7. Civil-military co-operation; 8. The manual Truppenführung and the increased importance of defence; Part IV. Defensive Warfare in the Third Reich 1933-9: 9. Political ideology versus military reality: defensive warfare 1933-6; 10. The rebirth of offensive warfare 1936-9; Conclusion: the defensive battle in the Second World War and beyond.