Carbohydrates are a diverse set of compounds that are well known as nutritive ingredients to provide energy such as sugars and starches. Lesser known, but emerging, are carbohydrates that provide digestive health benefits such as enhanced immune system, mineral adsorption, and colonic health in general. These types of carbohydrates are not digested by either the stomach or small intestine and reach the colon intact or only partially digested. The chemical structure and bonding arrangement of these carbohydrates play a key role in their efficacy as prebiotic or fermentable substrates. Evolving science regarding prebiotics such as fructo-, galacto-, and xylo-oligosaccharides, as well as fermentable carbohydrates such as pectin, arabinoxylans, and resistant starch demonstrates the diversity of carbohydrates and their function in digestive health. Featuring authors from academia as well as industry, Nondigestible Carbohydrates and Digestive Health provides a broad view of carbohydrates influencing digestive health with an in-depth review and thorough foundation for food scientists, product developers and nutrition scientists seeking to understand the digestive health implications of carbohydrates. Special Features:
- Analyzes the most active fields of research currently performed on nondigestible carbohydrates
- Focuses on the growing opportunity to deliver digestive health benefits through fibers and other novel carbohydrates
- Authors include highly recognized researchers from academe and industry experts
- Explore new possibilities in prebiotics and fermentable carbohydrates
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Preface ix
Contributors xi
Chapter 1 Introduction to Fiber and Nondigestible Carbohydrates: Definition, Health Aspects, and Perspectives 1
Teri M. Paeschke and William R. Aimutis
Chapter 2 The Gastrointestinal Tract and Its Microflora 15
William R. Aimutis and Kayla Polzin
Chapter 3 The Immunomodulatory Effects of Dietary Fiber and Prebiotics in the Gastrointestinal Tract 37
Marie-Claire Arrieta, Jon Meddings, and Catherine J. Field
Chapter 4 Lower Gut Hormones and Health Effects Associated with Consumption of Fermentable Fibers 79
Michael J. Keenan, Jun Zhou, Reshani Senevirathene, Marlene Janes, and Roy J. Martin
Chapter 5 Animal, In Vitro, and Cell Culture Models to Study the Role of Dietary Fibers in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Humans 97
Trevor A. Faber and George C. Fahey, Jr.
Chapter 6 Impact of Fiber on Gastrointestinal Microbiota 125
Koen Venema
Chapter 7 Fermentable Carbohydrates and Digestive Health 165
Joanne Slavin
Chapter 8 Overview of Dietary Fiber and its Influence on Gastrointestinal Health 185
Devin J. Rose and Bruce R. Hamaker
Chapter 9 Toward Second-Generation Carbohydrate Functional Food Ingredients 223
Robert A. Rastall
Chapter 10 Whole Grains and Digestive Health 245
Isabel Bondia-Pons, Jenni Lappi, Emilia Selinheimo, Marjukka Kolehmainen, Hannu Mykkä nen, and Kaisa Poutanen
Chapter 11 Fermentability of Polydextrose, Resistant Maltodextrin, and Other Soluble Fibers: Prebiotic Potential 273
Maria Stewart
Chapter 12 Development and Evaluation Bimuno® a Novel Second-Generation PrebioticGalactooligosaccharide Mixture 295
George Tzortzis
Chapter 13 Concluding Remarks: Gastrointestinal Health and Nondigestible Carbohydrates 313
William R. Aimutis and Teri M. Paeschke
Appendix Nondigestible Carbohydrates: Structure and Sources 321
Index 331
