This book focused on understanding how much breastfeeding mothers at Mukono General Hospital know about neonatal hygiene, and how well they actually practice it. Neonatal hygiene refers to all the practices that keep a newborn baby clean and healthy such as washing hands before touching the baby, keeping the umbilical cord clean, proper bathing, and using clean clothes and feeding items. The study aimed to find out: Whether mothers know the right ways to keep their newborns clean and safe from infections. Whether they are applying this knowledge correctly in their daily care routines. It looked at the knowledge (what mothers understand) and practice (what mothers actually do) regarding hygiene for newborns. The research is important because poor hygiene during the first weeks of life can lead to serious infections or even death in newborn babies. By identifying the gaps in knowledge and practice, the study helps health workers and hospital administrators know where to focus their education and support efforts to improve newborn care.