The Influence of American Theories on Judicial Review in Nordic Constitutional Law

Inhaltsverzeichnis

PART 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. A brief overview of the constitutions of Norway, Denmark and Iceland; 1.2. What follows; PART 2. CONSTITUTIONAL JURISPRUDENCE IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES AND IN THE U.S. AROUND THE TURN OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 2.1.Introduction; 2.2. Overview of 19th century American legal thought; 2.2.1. Antipathy towards special legislation; 2.2.2. Private and public spheres; 2.2.3. Vested rights; 2.2.4. The scope of the police power; 2.2.5. Summary; 2.3. American law in Nordic theory; 2.3.1. The role of treatises in 19th century constitutional law; 2.3.2. "The Present Constitution of Norway"; 2.3.3. American history as a response to those suspicious towards judicial review - Bredo Morgenstierne; 2.3.4. Constructing a theory - Frede Castberg; 2.3.5. The influence of American court-critics - Mikael Lie; 2.3.6. Danish and Icelandic writings; 2.3.7. Concluding remarks - the 19th century law writers' influence; 2.4. American influence in Nordic constitutional jurisprudence; 2.4.1. Judicial review and standards of review; 2.4.2. Liquor and milk - the doctrine of vested rights; 2.4.3. Pretextual use of governmental power; 2.4.4. Antipathy towards special legislation; 2.4.5. Private and public spheres; 2.4.6. Conclusions concerning the jurisprudence; 2.5. Conclusions; PART 3 THE COLLAPSE OF 'CLASSICAL LEGAL THOUGHT' AND NEW VIEWS ON THE ROLE OF THE JUDICIARY 3.1. Introduction; 3.2. Awareness of American developments; 3.3. Constitutional interpretation; 3.3.1. Norwegian theory; 3.3.2. Danish theory; 3.3.3. Icelandic theory; 3.3.4. Nordic theory - conclusions; 3.3.5. Changes in Norwegian case law after World War II; 3.3.6. Danish case law: a short note; 3.3.7. Icelandic case law - changes preceding the theory; 3.4. Levels of scrutiny - conflicting influences and tendencies; 3.4.1. The conceptual problem and the American solution; 3.4.2. Levels of scrutiny in Nordic theory; 3.4.3. Norwegian case law; 3.4.4. Icelandic case law; 3.4.5. Summary; 3.5. Economic regulation and the decline of the doctrine of vested rights; 3.5.1. Norwegian law; 3.5.2. Icelandic law; 3.6. Delegation of legislative power; 3.7. Conclusions; PART 4. THE FOCUS SHIFTS TO EUROPEAN LAW - THE PERIOD AFTER 1970 4.1. Introduction; 4.2. Nordic Writings about American Law after 1970; 4.2.1. Introduction; 4.2.2. The Influence of American First Amendment Theory - Peter Germer; 4.2.3. Discussion of American Theories of Judicial Review; 4.2.4. Conclusions; 4.3. American Influences on the Interpretation of the European Human Rights Convention and the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights; 4.3.1. References to American Law in the European Human Rights Case Law; 4.3.2. Tiers of Scrutiny in General and in the Equal Protection Jurisprudence; 4.3.3. Abortion and the Right to Privacy - An Example of Mingling Constitutional Ideas; 4.4. The Impact of the European Convention on Human Rights on Nordic Constitutional Law; 4.5. Conclusions - The Period After 1970; PART 5. CONCLUSIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY; TABLE OF CASES; INDEX.

Portrait

Ragnhildur Helgadottir is an Assistant Professor of Law at Reykjavik University, where she specialises in constitutional law, legal theory and legal history. She has written articles and book-chapters on constitutional law and human rights in national and international law.