Biologics, A History of Agents Made From Living Organisms in the Twentieth Century

The use of biologics - drugs made from living organisms - has raised specific scientific, industrial, medical and legal issues. The essays contained in this collection each deal with a case study of a biologic substance, or group of biologics, and its use during the twentieth century.

Chapter 1 Biologics: An Introduction, Alexander von Schwerin, Heiko Stoff, Bettina Wahrig; Chapter 1a, Jonathan Simon; Chapter 2, Jean-Paul Gaudilliÿre; Chapter 3 Standardizing the Experimental System: The Development of Corticosteriods and their Impact on Cooperation, Property Rights and Industrial Procedures, Lea Haller; Chapter 4, Beat Bÿchi; Chapter 5 Vital Regulators of Efficiency: The German Concept of Wirkstoffe, 1900-1950, Heiko Stoff; Chapter 6, Sven Bergmann; Chapter 7 Human Tissues and Organs: Standardization and 'Commodification' of the Human Body, Sophie Chauveau; Chapter 8 The Science of Measuring Vitamins: Quality Control and Competition in the Dutch Vitamin Industry Before the Second World War, Pim Huijnen; Chapter 9 The German Pharmaceutical Industry and the Standardization of Insulin before the Second World War, Ulrike Thoms; Chapter 10, Klaus Angerer; Chapter 12, Christoph Gradmann;