Ivan R. Eland is Senior Fellow at the Independent Institute and Director of the Independent Institute’ s Center on Peace & Liberty. Dr. Eland is a graduate of Iowa State University and received an M. B. A. in applied economics and a Ph. D. in Public Policy from George Washington University. He is the author of War and the Rogue Presidency, Eleven Presidents, Partitioning for Peace, Recarving Rushmore, The Empire Has No Clothes, No War for Oil, The Failure of Counterinsurgency, and Putting " Defense" Back into U. S. Defense Policy.