Approaches for Clean Combustion in Gas Turbines

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Global warming issue

1.3 Status of renewables

1.4 Carbon capture technologies

1.5 Adaptation of gas turbines to regulations of pollutant emissions

1.6 Emission regulatory overview

1.6.1 Clean air act (CAA)

1.6.2 New source performance standards (NSPS)

1.6.3 New source review

1.6.4 Best available control technology (BACT)

1.6.5 Lowest achievable emission rate (LAER)

1.7 Clean power production for gas turbine applications

1.8 Concluding remarks

Chapter 2: Premixed combustion for gas turbine applications

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Combustor Operability Issues

2.2.1 Static instabilities

2.2.1.1 Blowout

2.2.1.2 Flashback

2.2.2 Dynamic instabilities

2.2.2.1 Thermo-acoustics

2.2.2.2 Dynamic Instability suppression methods

2.3 Approaches for efficient combustion

2.3.1 Fuel flexibility Approach

2.3.1.1 Oxy-fuel combustion approach

2.3.1.1.1 Oxy-combustion degrees of freedom

2.3.1.1.2 Effect of oxy-combustion on stability map

2.3.1.1.3 Effect of oxy-combustion on NO emissions

2.3.1.2 Hydrogen-enrichment approach

2.3.1.2.1 Effect of hydrogen enrichment on stability map

2.3.1.2.2 Effect of hydrogen on laminar burning velocity

2.3.1.2.3 Effect of Hydrogen on NOx and CO emissions

2.3.2 Variable operating conditions approach

2.3.3 Variable flame characteristics

2.3.3.1 Diffusion flame

2.3.3.2 Premixed flames

2.4 Swirl Stabilizer Approach for stability and emission enhancement

2.4.1 Stabilization mechanisms and swirl number

2.4.2 Effect of swirl number on flame stability

2.4.3 Effect of swirl on NOx and CO emissions

2.5 Numerical modeling of premixed combustion

2.5.1 Turbulent premixed combustion

2.5.2 Turbulent combustion modeling schemes

2.5.3 LES governing equations

2.5.4 LES for turbulent premixed combustion

2.6 Premixed combustion in a gas turbine model combustor: Numerical case study

2.6.1 Model validation

2.6.2 Premixed Oxy-combustion case study

2.6.3 Results and discussion of the present case study

2.7 Concluding remarks

Chapter 3: Burner designs for clean power generation in gas turbines

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Lean premixed air combustion

3.2.1 Combustion and emissions characteristics

3.2.2 Combustion instabilities and solution techniques

3.3 Oxy-combustion for carbon capture

3.3.1 Oxy-fuel combustion technology

3.3.2 Comparison of air vs oxy-combustion concepts

3.4 Premixed oxy-fuel combustion

3.4.1 Characteristics of premixed oxy-combustion

3.4.2 Emission characteristics of premixed oxy-combustion

3.5 Fuel-flexible combustion approach

3.5.1 Fuel flexibility

3.5.2 Fuel-flexible combustion approaches

5.3.2.1 Hydrogen enrichment

5.3.2.2 Syngas combustion

5.3.2.3 Ammonia combustion

3.5.3 Fuel-flexible premixed oxy-fuel combustion

3.6 Gas turbine combustion systems

3.6.1 Stagnation point reverse flow (SPRF) burners

3.6.2 Dry low-NOx/low-emissions (DLN/DLE) burners

3.6.3 EnVironmental (EV/AEV/SEV) burners

3.6.4 Micromixer (MM) combustion technology

3.6.4.1 Perforated plate burners

3.6.4.2 Micromixer combustion technology

3.6.4.2.1 Fuel/oxidizer-flexible combustion in micromixer burners

3.6.4.2.2 Hydrogen-rich combustion in micromixers

3.7 High-temperature membrane reactors (HTMRs)

3.8 International trends in CCS/CCUS technologies

3.9 Concluding remarks

Chapter 4: Gas turbine performance for different burner technologies

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Dry low-NOx/low-emissions (DLN/DLE) burners for gas turbines

4.3 Combustor operability of premixed oxy-methane flames

4.3.1 Test conditions

4.3.2 Combustor Stability Maps

4.3.3 Flame macrostructure

4.3.4 Flame temperature

4.3.5 LES of premixed oxy-flames

4.3.5.1 Model setup