PAMP Signals in Plant Innate Immunity

Plant innate immunity is a potential surveillance system of plants and is the first line of defense against invading pathogens. The immune system is a sleeping system in unstressed healthy plants and is activated on perception of the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP; the pathogen s signature) of invading pathogens. The PAMP alarm/danger signals are perceived by plant pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). The plant immune system uses several second messengers to encode information generated by the PAMPs and deliver the information downstream of PRRs to proteins which decode/interpret signals and initiate defense gene expression. This book describes the most fascinating PAMP-PRR signaling complex and signal transduction systems. It also discusses the highly complex networks of signaling pathways involved in transmission of the signals to induce distinctly different defense-related genes to mount offence against pathogens.

1. Introduction. - 2. PAMP signaling in Plant Innate Immunity. - 3. G-proteins as Molecular Switches in Signal Transduction. - 4. Calcium Ion Signaling System: Calcium Signatures and Sensors. - 5. Reactive Oxygen Species and Cognate Redox Signaling System in Plant Innate Immunity. - 6. Nitric oxide Signaling System in Plant Innate Immunity. - 7. Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Cascades in Plant Innate Immunity. - 8. Phospholipids Signaling System in Plant Innate Immunity. - 9. Protein Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation in Plant Immune Signaling Systems. - 10. Ubiquitin-Proteasome System-mediated Protein Degradation in Defense Signaling.