The biosphere is the ultimate sink for air pollutants and is also the source of many precursors for the formation of photo-oxidants. In any analysis of air pollution and for determining source-receptor relationships, reliable emission and pollutant concentrations or depositions must be taken into account, together with their interactions between the atmosphere and the biosphere. This book presents a number of authoritative review articles covering topics which include biosphere-atmosphere exchange of ammonia, nitrogen oxides, ozone and sulfur-containing gases, the biological mechanisms involved in the exchange of trace gases, as well as generalizations of deposition over Europe.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Table of Content. - 1 Excecutive Summary. - 2 Biosphere Atmosphere Exchange of Ammonia. - 3 Atmospheric Particles and their Interactions with Natural Surfaces. - 4 Assessment of Dry Deposition and Total Acidifying Loads in Europe. - 5 Biological Mechanisms involved in the Exchange of Trace Gases. - 6 Atmosphere Surface Exchange of Nitrogen Oxides and Ozone. - 7 Exchange of Sulfur Gases between the Biosphere and the Atmosphere. - 8. 1 On-line Measurements of Ozone Surface Fluxes: Instrumentation and Methodology. - 8. 2 Real-time and Non-intrusive Detection of Ambient Ammonia using the Photothermal Deflection Technique. - 8. 3 Development of Instrumentation for Concentration Measurements and Surface-Exchange Fluxes of Air Pollutants. - 9. 1 Ozone deposition on various surface types. - 9. 2 Measurements of Dry Deposition Fluxes of Nitrogen Compounds and Ozone. - 9. 3 Dry Deposition Monitoring of SO2, NH3 and NO2 over a Coniferous Forest. - 9. 4 Flux of NOx between Atmosphere and Vegetation Parameterisation of Surface Resistance/Emission. - 9. 5 First Emission Inventory of Ammonia in Timis County. - 9. 6 Surface Exchange of Nitrogen Oxides over Different European Ecosystems. - 9. 7 Measurement of Ambient Concentration and Surface Fluxes of O3, SO2 NOx and TSP in Uludag National Park. - 9. 8 Surface Exchange of Ammonia over Grazed Pasture. - 9. 9 The Speulderbos Experiment 1993 Experimental and Modelling Results. - 10. 1 Measurements of Wet and Dry Deposition in Timis County, Romania. - 10. 2 Measurement of Dry Deposition Velocity of Ozone, Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides above Pine Forest and Low Vegetation in Different Seasons by the Gradient Method. - 10. 3 Biogenic and Anthropogenic Trace Gas Fluxes between the Atmosphere and a Polluted Mixed Forest of Central Europe. - 10. 4 Exchange ofReduced Sulfur Compounds between the Biosphere and the Atmosphere. - 11. 1 Exchange of Short Chained Organic Acids between the Biosphere and the Atmosphere. - 11. 2 Forest Emissions of Hydrocarbons. - 11. 3 Investigations on Emissions of Low Molecular Weight Compounds (C2? C10) from Vegetation. - 11. 4 Monoterpene and Isoprene Emission in Norway Spruce Forests. - 11. 5 Emissions of VOCs from Stressed and Unstressed Vegetation. - 11. 6 Isoprenoïc Compounds: Emission and Atmospheric Concentration Measurements. - 12. 1 Vertical Flux Measurements of the Submicronic Aerosol Particles and Parametrisation of the Dry Deposition Velocity. - 12. 2 Measurements of Fluxes of Particles, Ozone, Nitrogen Oxides and Carbon Dioxide to Coniferous and Deciduous Forests. - 12. 3 Sulfate Dry Deposition Measurements over Low Vegetation and in a Forested Area. - 13. 1 Emission of Gaseous Hydrocarbons and NH3 out of Soils. - 13. 2 Uptake and Distribution of NO2 in Norway Spruce (Picea Abies [L.] Karst. - 13. 3 Mechanisms of Release of NOx and COS from Soil and Soil Micro-organisms. - 13. 4 The Chemical Behaviour and Deposition of Ammonium Nitrate, Nitric Acid and Ammonia. - 13. 5 Studies on Deposition, Emission and Chemical Transformation above and within Tall Vegetation. - 13. 6 Studies on Exchange Processes of Momentum, Energy and Matter above and within Tall Vegetation. - 13. 7 Ammonia Exchange between Terrestrial Plants and the Atmosphere Controlled by Plant Physiology: Compensation Point and CO2 Exchange. - 13. 8 Photolysis Frequencies of Nitrogen Dioxide and Ozone: Measurements and Model Calculations. - 14. 1 Dry Deposition Inferential Measurement in a Rural Region of Northern Italy. - 14. 2 Improvement and Validation of the Throughfall Technique for Nitrogen Deposition Measurements to Forest Ecosystems. - 14. 3 Modellingthe Uptake and Metabolisation of Nitrogen Dioxide and Ozone by Plant Leaves. - 14. 4 Experimental and Modelling Studies of the Deposition Processes in South European Ecosystems. - 15 BIATEX Publications: 1988 1995.
