Formal Methods: Foundations and Applications

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 28th Brazilian Symposium on Formal Methods: Foundations and Applications, SBMF 2025, held in Recife, Brazil, during December 3 5, 2025.

The 12 full papers and 1 short paper included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 24 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Process Algebras and Time; Formal Verification; Testing; Availability and Contracts; Formal Methods and AI; and Teaching and Foundations.

. - Formal Reasoning for Assuring Product Lines of Complex Systems.
. - Safe Evolution of Smart Contracts Supported by LLMs and Bounded Model Checking.
. - Exploring Modelling Language Engineering.
. - Process Algebras and Time
. - State-based Security and Time-Inserting Supervisors.
. - A Modular Orthogonal Integration of Operational and Prescriptive Timing Requirements using TASTD.
. - Formal Verification
. - Bridging the B-Method and ACSL: Towards Verified C Code.
. - A Research Agenda for the Living SysML v2 Blueprint: Toward Executable, Verifiable, and Navigable System Models.
. - Formal Verification of Epistemic States with Uncertainty in Multi-Agent Systems.
. - Testing
. - Deriving Sound Test Scripts from Requirements written in a Controlled Natural Language.
. - Executable Conformance Testing Theories: from Theory to Practice and Back.
. - Availability and Contracts
. - Availability Model and Evaluation of Bus Rapid Transit Surveillance System.
. - Resource Contracts for Active Objects.
. - Formal Methods and AI
. - Inference of Deterministic Finite Automata via Q-Learning.
. - Formal Development of a Safety Controller for Machine Learning Outputs in Vital Railway Systems.
. - Teaching and Foundations
. - The Turner 2-Strings Machines.
. - A Proof of the De Zolt Postulate in Three-dimensional Space.