Distillation

Distillation: Fundamentals and Principles - winner of the 2015 PROSE Award in Chemistry & Physics - is a single source of authoritative information on all aspects of the theory and practice of modern distillation, suitable for advanced students and professionals working in a laboratory, industrial plants, or a managerial capacity. It addresses the most important and current research on industrial distillation, including all steps in process design (feasibility study, modeling, and experimental validation), together with operation and control aspects. This volume features an extra focus on the conceptual design of distillation.
- Winner of the 2015 PROSE Award in Chemistry & Physics from the Association of American Publishers

- Practical information on the newest development written by recognized experts

- Coverage of a huge range of laboratory and industrial distillation approaches

- Extensive references for each chapter facilitates further study

1;Front Cover;1 2;Distillation: Fundamentals and Principles;4 3;Copyright;5 4;Contents;6 5;Preface to the Distillation Collection;8 6;Preface to Distillation: Fundamentals and Principles;10 7;List of Contributors;12 8;List of Symbols and Abbreviations;14 8.1;Latin symbols;14 8.2;Greek Symbols;20 8.3;Subscripts;21 8.4;Superscripts;22 8.5;Abbreviations;23 8.6;Abbreviations of chemical compounds;25 9;Chapter 1 - History of Distillation;26 9.1;1.1 Introduction;26 9.2;1.2 From neolithic times to alexandria (3500 BCAD 700);27 9.3;1.3 The alembic, the arabs, and albertus magnus (AD 7001450);31 9.4;1.4 Printed books and the rise of science (14501650);33 9.5;1.5 From laboratory to industry (16501800);39 9.6;1.6 Scientific impact and industrialization (18001900);42 9.7;1.7 Engineering science (19001950);47 9.8;1.8 Improvements and integration (19501990);55 9.9;1.9 What will be the next innovation cycle (19902020 and beyond)?;59 9.10;1.10 Summary;61 9.11;References;62 10;Chapter 2 - VaporLiquid Equilibrium and Physical Properties for Distillation;70 10.1;2.1 Introduction;71 10.2;2.2 Thermodynamic fundamentals;72 10.3;2.3 Calculation of VLE using gE models;76 10.4;2.4 Calculation of VLE using equations of state;85 10.5;2.5 Liquidliquid equilibria;92 10.6;2.6 Electrolyte systems;93 10.7;2.7 Conditions for the occurrence of azeotropic behavior;95 10.8;2.8 Predictive models;99 10.9;2.9 Calculation of other important thermophysical properties;108 10.10;2.10 Application of thermodynamic models and factual databanks for the development and simulation of separation processes;114 10.11;2.11 Summary;118 10.12;Acknowledgment;119 10.13;References;119 11;Chapter 3 - Mass Transfer in Distillation;122 11.1;3.1 Introduction;123 11.2;3.2 Fluxes and conservation equations;124 11.3;3.3 Constitutive relations;125 11.4;3.4 Diffusion coefficients;129 11.5;3.5 Mass transfer coefficients;135 11.6;3.6 Estimation of mass transfer coefficients in binary systems;140 11.7;3.7 Models for mass transfer in m
ulticomponent mixtures;148 11.8;3.8 Mass transfer in tray columns;151 11.9;3.9 Mass transfer in packed columns;160 11.10;3.10 Further reading;164 11.11;References;164 12;Chapter 4 - Principles of Binary Distillation;170 12.1;4.1 Introduction;171 12.2;4.2 Vaporliquid equilibrium;171 12.3;4.3 Differential distillation;178 12.4;4.4 Flash distillation;180 12.5;4.5 Continuous distillation with rectification;183 12.6;4.6 Concluding remarks;208 12.7;References;210 13;Chapter 5 - Design and Operation of Batch Distillation;212 13.1;5.1 Introduction;213 13.2;5.2 Batch column operation;217 13.3;5.3 Design of batch distillation;222 13.4;5.4 Batch distillation configurations;223 13.5;5.5 Control of batch distillation;227 13.6;5.6 Complex batch distillation;230 13.7;5.7 Modeling of batch distillation;238 13.8;5.8 Optimization of batch distillation;240 13.9;5.9 The future of batch distillation;245 13.10;References;246 14;Chapter 6 - Energy Considerations in Distillation;250 14.1;6.1 Introduction to energy efficiency;251 14.2;6.2 Energy-efficient distillation;262 14.3;6.3 Energy-efficient distillation: operation and control;271 14.4;6.4 Heat integration of distillation;272 14.5;6.5 Energy-efficient distillation: advanced and complex column configurations;277 14.6;6.6 Energy-efficient distillation: evaluation of energy requirements;287 14.7;6.7 Conclusions;292 14.8;References;292 15;Chapter 7 - Conceptual Design of Zeotropic Distillation Processes;296 15.1;7.1 Introduction;296 15.2;7.2 Synthesizing all possible distillation configurations;299 15.3;7.3 Thermal coupling;309 15.4;7.4 Identifying optimal configurations;314 15.5;7.5 An example: petroleum crude distillation;318 15.6;7.6 Additional multicolumn configurations;320 15.7;7.7 Summary and thoughts toward the future;325 15.8;References;325 16;Chapter 8 - Conceptual Design of Azeotropic Distillation Processes;330 16.1;8.1 Introduction;331 16.2;8.2 Generation of distillation process variants;335 16.3;8.3 Shortcut evaluation of dist
illation processes;349 16.4;8.4 Optimization-based conceptual design of distillation processes;360 16.5;8.5 Design studies for different types of azeotropic distillation processes;362 16.6;8.6 Summary and conclusions;373 16.7;References;374 17;Chapter 9 - Hybrid Distillation Schemes: Design, Analysis, and Application;382 17.1;9.1 Introduction;382 17.2;9.2 Selection of HDS: rule-based procedure;383 17.3;9.3 Model-based computer-aided methods and tools;388 17.4;9.4 Application of HDS;400 17.5;9.5 Conclusions and future perspectives;405 17.6;References;405 18;Chapter 10 - Modeling of Distillation Processes;408 19;Chapter 11 - Optimization of Distillation Processes;462 19.1;11.1 Introduction;463 19.2;11.2 Optimization of a single distillation column;463 19.3;11.3 Synthesis of distillation sequences;483 19.4;References;509 19.5;Appendix;514 19.6;Optimization background;514 19.7;MINLP methods;515 19.8;Generalized disjunctive programming;516 19.9;References;520 20;Index;522