Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy

1: Foundations of Confocal Scanned Imaging in Light Microscopy. - 2: Fundamental Limits in Confocal Microscopy. - 3: Quantitative Fluorescence Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). - 4: The Pixilated Image. - 5: Laser Sources for Confocal Microscopy. - 6: Non-Laser Light Sources. - 7: Objective Lenses for Confocal Microscopy. - 8: The Specimen Illumination Path and its Effect on Image Quality. - 9: The Intermediate Optical System of Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopes. - 10: Intermediate Optics in Nipkow Disk Microscopes. - 11: The Role of the Pinhole in Confocal Imaging System. - 12: Photon Detectors for Confocal Microscopy. - 13: The Collection, Processing, and Display of Digital Three-Dimensional Images of Biological Specimens. - 14: Visualization Systems for Multidimensional CLSM Images. - 15: Mapping and Measuring Surfaces Using Reflection Confocal Microscopy. - 16: Fluorophores for Confocal Microscopy. - 17: Image Contrast in Confocal Light Microscopy. - 18: Guiding Principles of Specimen Preservation for Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy. - 19: Confocal Microscopy of Living Cells. - 20: Lens Aberrations in Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy. - 21: Real-Time Stereo (3D) Confocal Microscopy. - 22: Signal-To-Noise in Confocal Microscopes. - 23: Comparison of Wide-Field/Deconvolution and Confocal Microscopy for 3D Imaging. - 24: Light Microscopic Images Reconstructed by Maximum Likelihood Deconvolution. - 25: Direct View Confocal Imaging Systems Using a Slit Aperture. - 26: Two New High-Resolution Confocal Fluorescence Microscopies (4Pi, Theta) with One- and Two-Photon Excitation. - 27: Optical Considerations at Ultraviolet Wavelengths in Confocal Microscopy. - 28: Two-Photon Molecular Excitation in Laser-Scanning Microscopy. - 29: Video-Rate Confocal Microscopy. - 30: Confocal Microscopy withTransmitted Light. - 31: Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging, a New Tool in Confocal Microscopy. - 32: Imaging Immunogold Labels with Confocal Microscopy. - 33: Fiberoptics in Confocal Microscopy. - 34: Comparison of Various Optical Sectioning Methods. - 35: Mass Storage and Hard Copy. - 36: Tutorial on Practical Confocal Microscopy and Use of the Confocal Test Specimen. - 37: Bibliography of Confocal Microscopes. - Appendix 1: Optical Units. - W. B. Amos. - Radial units. - Axial units. - Appendix 2: Light Paths of Current Commercial Confocal Light Microscopes for Biology. - James Pawley.