Understanding Phonology, Fifth Edition, provides a clear, accessible and broad introduction to phonology. Introducing basic concepts, it provides a comprehensive account of phonological topics like segmental contrasts; syllables and moras; quantity; tone and intonation; word stress; and prosodic constituent structure.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Preface
Acknowledgements
The IPA Chart
1. Structures in languages
1. 1 Introduction
1. 2 Awareness of linguistic structure
1. 3 Language diversity
1. 4 What linguists do
1. 4. 1 Language-external evidence
1. 4. 2 Language-internal evidence
1. 5 Morphosyntactic structure
1. 5. 1 Morphemes and words
1. 5. 2 Syntax: phrases, clauses and sentences
1. 5. 3 Some mismatches between phonology and morphosyntax in English
1. 6 Changing sounds
1. 7 Conclusion
2. The production of speech
2. 1 Introduction
2. 2 The lungs and the larynx
2. 2. 1 The vocal folds: the open and vibrating glottis
2. 2. 2 Devoicing and aspiration
2. 2. 3 Special types of phonation
2. 2. 4 Pitch
2. 2. 5 The glottal stop
2. 3 The vocal tract
2. 3. 1 The pharynx
2. 3. 2 The nasal cavity
2. 3. 3 The mouth
2. 4 Vowels
2. 4. 1 Monophthongs
2. 4. 2 Diphthongs
2. 4. 3 Nasalization
2. 5 Consonants
2. 5. 1 Places of articulation
2. 5. 2 Types of constriction
2. 6 Segmental durations
2. 7 Complex consonants
2. 7. 1 Secondary articulations
2. 7. 2 Double articulations
2. 7. 3 Manner-contour consonants
2. 8 Nonpulmonic consonants
2. 9 Conclusion
3. Some typology: sameness and difference
3. 1 Introduction
3. 2 Varying complexity
3. 3 Universals and implicational relations
3. 3. 1 Plain or special?
3. 3. 2 Avoiding complexity
3. 3. 3 A word of caution
3. 3. 4 Speech ergonomics
3. 3. 5 System gaps
3. 4 Cultural and ambient factors in the development of sound systems
3. 5 Conclusion
4. The varying shapes of sounds and words
4. 1 Introduction
4. 2 Allophonic variation
4. 3 Loanword adaptation
4. 3. 1 The process of nativization
4. 4 Morpheme alternants
4. 5 The underlying form
4. 5. 1 Choosing the underlying form
4. 5. 2 Grammars vs 'dictionaries'
4. 6 Conclusion
5. A system of distinctive features
5. 1 Introduction
5. 2 Features for consonants
5. 2. 1 Major class features
5. 2. 2 Laryngeal features
5. 2. 3 Manner features
5. 2. 4 Place of articulation features
5. 3 Features for vowels
5. 4 Redundant vs contrastive features
5. 5 Complex segments
5. 6 Conclusion
6. Making the form fit: serial rules or violable constraints?
6. 1 Introduction
6. 2 Serial rule application
6. 2. 1 Rule formats
6. 2. 2 Serial rule ordering
6. 3 Constraints
6. 3. 1 Tableaux
6. 3. 2 OT and loanwords
6. 4 Serial rules or ranked constraints?
6. 5 Conclusion
7. Lexical phonology, postlexical phonology and phonetic implementation
7. 1 Introduction
7. 2 Defining an intermediate level of representation
7. 3 Lexical Phonology
7. 3. 1 Reference to morphological labels
7. 3. 2 Exceptions
7. 3. 3 Structure preservation
7. 3. 4 Native-speaker intuitions
7. 3. 5 Application across word boundaries
7. 3. 6 Lexical rules apply before postlexical rules
7. 4 Reference to phonological information in the lexicon
7. 5 Beyond surface representations
7. 5. 1 Models of implementation
7. 5. 2 Deciding between phonology and phonetic implementation
7. 6 Conclusion
8. Between the segment and the syllable
8. 1 Introduction
8. 2 Syllabification and the Maximum Onset Principle
8. 2. 1 The Sonority Profile
8. 3 Expanding the representations: hierarchies and autosegments
8. 3. 1 Skeletal slots
8. 3. 2 Autosegments
8. 3. 3 Unfilled and unassociated slots
8. 3. 4 Compensatory lengthening
8. 4 Moras
8. 5 Syllable-based generalizations
8. 6 Post-MOP syllabification rules
8. 7 Conclusion
9. Tones
9. 1 Introduction
9. 2 The inadequacy of a linear model
9. 3 Word melodies
9. 3. 1 Language-specific association
9. 4 Tone stability
9. 5 Tonal morphemes
9. 6 Accent
9. 7 The phonetic implementation of tone
9. 7. 1 The vertical dimension: scaling
9. 7. 2 The horizontal dimension: phonetic alignment
9. 8 Not by f0 alone
9. 8. 1 Voice quality
9. 8. 2 f0 perturbations and tone distribution
9. 9 Conclusion
10. Word stress
10. 1 Introduction
10. 2 Primary stress, secondary stress and no stress in English
10. 3 Basic dimensions of foot structures
10. 3. 1 Foot type
10. 3. 2 Aligning words and feet
10. 4 Syllable weight
10. 4. 1 Uneven feet?
10. 5 Stress clash
10. 6 Unbounded systems
10. 7 The roles of morphology
10. 8 Interactions of stress with segments and tones
10. 8. 2 H-tones attracting stress
10. 9 Conclusion
11. Phonology above the word
11. 1 Introduction
11. 2 Generalizations involving prosodic constituents
11. 3 The Strict Layer Hypothesis
11. 4 Factors determining prosodic phrasing
11. 5 Prosody above the foot
11. 5. 1 The prosodic word
11. 5. 2 The phonological phrase
11. 5. 3 The intonation phrase
11. 5. 4 The phonological utterance
11. 6 Deriving prosodic constituents
11. 6. 1 Clitics
11. 6. 2 The syntactic residue
11. 7 Conclusion
References
Language Index
Subject Index
