Hexapod External Fixator Systems

1. History and evolution of hexapod external fixators. - 2 Principles of hexapod external fixators functions: software and hardware. - 3 Characteristics and usage modalities. Main systems. - 4 Hexapod external fixators in acute fracture treatment and their complications. - 5 Hexapod external fixators in the treatment of axial and rotation deformities and limb length discrepancies. - 6 Hexapod external fixators in bone defect treatment. - 7 Hexapod external fixators in pediatric deformities. - 8 Hexapod external fixators in articular stiffness treatment. - 9 Hexapod external fixators in foot deformity correction. - 10 Problems, challenge, complications in hexapod external fixation systems. Contraindications. - 11 Hexapod external fixators upgrade: motor powered frames , automation, deformity correction scheduling and remote control. - 12 Ancillary usage of hexapod external fixators: Fixator assisted nailing (FAN), fixator assisted locking plate (FALP), lenghtening over nail (LON), bone transport over a nail (BTON) and lenghtening and then nailing (LATN). External to internal fixation conversion timing. - 13 Ionizing radiation exposure. - 14 Economical aspects and practical considerations. - 15 Appendix: Deformity geometry. - 16 Nomenclature.