This book contains papers presented at the Engineering Foundation Conference on mineral matter in fuels held on November 2-7, 1997 in Kona, Hawaii. The conference is one of a continuing series that was initiated by the CEGB Mar- wood Engineering Laboratories in 1963. The conference was to be eventually organised by the Engineering Foundation as the need for multi-disciplinary work related to c- trolling ash effects in combustors became apparent. The conference covers both the science and the applications. The papers also present case histories, particularly for current fuel technologies, developments in advanced technologies for power generation and mathematical modelling of these processes. Developments since 1963 have been slow, but steady, due to the complexity of the chemical and physical processes involved. However, the research presented here displays great improvement in our understanding of the mechanisms by which mineral matter will influence fuel use. Steve Benson from EERC presented a review and current status of issues related to ash deposition in coal combustion and gasification. The application of new analytical tools, which have been detailed in the previous conferences, is presented. These include CCSEM, as well as new techniques for char- terising sintering of ash, such as TMA, image analysis, X-ray diffraction crystallography and thermal analysis. The new analytical techniques were extended to encompass widely differing fuels such as biomass. Ole H Larsen from ELSAM Denmark presented a review of these advanced techniques.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Keynote Papers. - Ash-Related Issues During Combustion and Gasification. - Mineral Characterization for Combustion. - The Development of Power Technologies for Low-Grade Coal. - Low-Rank Coal and Advanced Technologies for Power Generation. - The Thermal Conductivity of Ash Deposits. - The Development of Advanced Clean Coal Technology in Japan. - Factors Critically Affecting Fireside Deposits in Steam Generators. - Mineral Matter, Ash and Slag Characterisation. - Advanced Analytical Characterization of Coal Ashes An Idemitsu Kosan Elsam Cooperation Project. - A Novel Application of CCSEM for Studying Agglomeration in Fluidised Bed Combustion. - Thermomechanical Analysis and Alternative Ash Fusibility Temperatures. - Ash Fusibility Detection Using Image Analysis. - Ash Fusion Quantification by Means of Thermal Analysis. - Sticking Mechanisms in Hot-Gas Filter Ashes. - Classification System for Ash Deposits Based on Sem analyses. - Determination of Amorphous Material in Peat Ash by X-ray Diffraction. - System Accuracy for CCSEM Analysis of Minerals in Coal. - The Microstructure and Mineral Content of Pulverised Coal Chars. - The Use of Low-rank and Low-grade Coals and Cofiring. - Fireside Considerations When Cofiring Biomass with Coal in PC Boilers. - Summary of Recent Results Obtained from Using the Controlled Fluidised Bed Agglomeration Method. - Deposition and Corrosion in Straw- and Coal-Straw Co-Fired Utility Boilers. - Development of Blast-Furnace Gas Firing Burner for Cofiring Boilers with Pulverized Coal. - Changes in Slagging Behaviour with Composition for Blended Coals. - Role of Inorganics During Fluidised-Bed Combustion of Low-Rank Coals. - Role of Additives in Controlling Agglomeration and Defluidization During Fluidized Bed Combustion of High-Sodium, High-Sulphur Low-Rank Coal. -The Agglomeration in the Fluidized Bed Boiler During the Co-Combustion of Biomass with Peat. - Ash Fusion and Deposit Formation at Straw Fired Boilers. - Case Studies in Conventional and Advanced Plant. - Influence of Metal Surface Temperature and Coal Quality on Ash Deposition in PC-Fired Boilers. - Full Scale Deposition Trials at 150 MWE PF-Boiler Co-Firing Coal and Straw. - Slagging Tests on the Suitability of Alternative Coals in a 325MWF PC Boiler. - Predicting Superheater Deposit Formation in Boilers Burning Biomasses. - Deposit Formation in the Convective Path of a Danish 80MWth CFB-Boiler Co-Firing Straw and Coal for Power Generation. - Research on the Melting Points of Some Chinese Coal Ashes. - Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy (CCSEM) Analysis of Straw Ash. - Prognosis of Slagging and Fouling Properties of Coals Based on Widely Available Data and Results of Additional Measuraments. - The Slagging Behavior of Coal Blends in the Pilot-Scale Combustion Test Facility. - Studies at Rig Scale (Including Corrosion). - In Situ Measurements of the Thermal Conductivity of Ash Deposits Formed in a Pilot-Scale Combustor. - Low Corrosivity of Coal Chlorine. - Laboratory Studies on the Influence of Gaseous HCl on Superheater Corrosion. - The Role of Alkali Sulfates and Chlorides in Post Cyclone Deposits from Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers Firing Biomass and Coal. - Fly Ash Deposition Onto the Convective Heat Exchangers During Combustion of Willow in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler. - Ash Behaviour in Biomass Fluidised-Bed Gasification. - Bench-Scale Biomass/Coal Cofiring Studies. - Iron in Coal and Slagging. - Develpments in Advanced Coal Technologies. - Fractionated Heavy Metal Separation in Biomass Combustion Plants Possibilities, Technological Approach, Experiences. -Distributions of Major and Trace Elements in Entrained Slagging Coal Gasification Process. - Behavior of Inorganic Materials during Pulverized Coal Combustion. - Energy Production from Contaminated Biomass. - Triboelectrostatic Coal Cleaning. - Development of Advanced PFBC. - Operating Experiences of 71MW PFBC Demonstration Plant. - Development of an Innovative Fluidized Bed Cement Kiln System. - The Influence of Pressure on the Behaviour of Fuel Carbonates. - Modeling of Ash Behaviour and Ash Deposition. - Modeling of ASH Deposit Growth and Sintering in PC-Fired Boilers. - Predicting Ash Behavior in Conventional Power Systems. - Thermodynamic Modelling of the System Al2O3-SiO2-CaO-FeO-Fe2O3 to Characterise Coal Ash Slags. - Development of a Prediction Scheme for Pulverised Coal-Fired Boiler Slagging. - Modelling the Initial Structure of Ash Deposits and Structure Changes Due to Sintering.
