After a quick survey of the famous pioneers of human movement analysis and the actual needs in different domains, this book presents the main types of systems available on the market (with the pros and cons), and then details the most widely used: the optoelectronic systems using passive markers. The theoretical background for joint kinematics calculation is explained, specifying the international standardization for parameters reports. One chapter is dedicated to measurement errors and their management, followed by several applications, mostly in the clinical field.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
FOREWORD ix
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND STATE OF THE ART 1
1. 1. Historical benchmarks 2
1. 2. Current needs in different domains 9
1. 2. 1. Simulation of movement in ergonomics 9
1. 2. 2. The command of humanoid robots 11
1. 2. 3. The analysis of sporting movements 13
1. 2. 4. Clinical applications of movement analysis 14
CHAPTER 2. THE DIFFERENT MOVEMENT ANALYSIS DEVICES AVAILABLE ON THE MARKET 17
2. 1. Which tools for different applications? 17
2. 2. Optical capture systems and passive tags 24
2. 2. 1. Working principle of an optical system with passive markers 24
2. 2. 2. Implementation steps of an experimental protocol using this type of system 30
CHAPTER 3. FROM MEASUREMENT TO INTERPRETATION 35
3. 1. The different parameters 35
3. 2. Recommendations by the International Society of Biomechanics to standardize the presentation of joint angles 49
3. 3. Joint translations or displacements 54
CHAPTER 4. ERRORS IN MEASUREMENT 59
4. 1. Instrumental errors 59
4. 2. Experimental errors 60
4. 2. 1. Soft tissue artifacts 61
4. 3. Error in locating anatomical landmarks 68
4. 3. 1. Assessment 68
4. 3. 2. Sensitivity of joint kinematics to these errors 71
CHAPTER 5. SOME CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 73
5. 1. Evolution of biomechanical parameters of gait in infants, from first steps to 7 years old 74
5. 1. 1. Materials and methods 74
5. 1. 2. Results and discussion 76
5. 2. Upper limb, assessment of functional movements 81
5. 3. Mobility of a healthy cervical spine 87
5. 3. 1. Materials and methods 87
5. 3. 2. Results and discussion 91
5. 4. Changes in the three-dimensional kinematics of the knee with medial compartment arthrosis 94
5. 4. 1. Materials and methods 95
5. 4. 2. Results and discussion 99
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 103
BIBLIOGRAPHY 107
INDEX 129
