Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist

Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist: Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL, Second Edition, discusses the capabilities of Semantic Web modeling languages, such as RDFS (Resource Description Framework Schema) and OWL (Web Ontology Language). Organized into 16 chapters, the book provides examples to illustrate the use of Semantic Web technologies in solving common modeling problems. It uses the life and works of William Shakespeare to demonstrate some of the most basic capabilities of the Semantic Web. The book first provides an overview of the Semantic Web and aspects of the Web. It then discusses semantic modeling and how it can support the development from chaotic information gathering to one characterized by information sharing, cooperation, and collaboration. It also explains the use of RDF to implement the Semantic Web by allowing information to be distributed over the Web, along with the use of SPARQL to access RDF data. Moreover, the reader is introduced to components that make up a Semantic Web deployment and how they fit together, the concept of inferencing in the Semantic Web, and how RDFS differs from other schema languages. Finally, the book considers the use of SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System) to manage vocabularies by taking advantage of the inferencing structure of RDFS-Plus. This book is intended for the working ontologist who is trying to create a domain model on the Semantic Web.

• Updated with the latest developments and advances in Semantic Web technologies for organizing, querying, and processing information, including SPARQL, RDF and RDFS, OWL 2. 0, and SKOS
• Detailed information on the ontologies used in today's key web applications, including ecommerce, social networking, data mining, using government data, and more
• Even more illustrative examples and case studies that demonstrate what semantic technologies are and how they work together to solve real-world problems

1;Front Cover;1 2;Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist;2 3;Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist;4 4;Copyright;5 5;Contents;6 6;Preface to the second edition;8 6.1;Preface to the first edition;9 7;Acknowledgments;12 8;About the authors;14 9;Chapter 1 -What is the Semantic Web?;16 9.1;What Is a Web?;17 9.2;Smart Web, Dumb Web;17 9.3;Semantic Data;19 9.4;Summary;26 10;Chapter 2 -Semantic modeling;28 10.1;Modeling for Human Communication;29 10.2;Explanation and Prediction;32 10.3;Mediating variability;33 10.4;Expressivity in modeling;37 10.5;Summary;39 11;Chapter 3 -RDFThe basis of the Semantic Web;42 11.1;Distributing Data across the Web;43 11.2;Merging Data from Multiple Sources;47 11.3;Namespaces, URIs, and Identity;48 11.4;Identifiers in the RDF Namespace;53 11.5;Challenge: RDF and Tabular Data;55 11.6;Higher-order Relationships;57 11.7;Alternatives for Serialization;59 11.8;RDF/XML;61 11.9;Blank Nodes;62 11.10;Summary;64 12;Chapter 4 -Semantic Web application architecture;66 12.1;RDF Parser/Serializer;67 12.2;RDF Store;69 12.3;Application Code;71 12.4;Data Federation;73 12.5;Summary;74 13;Chapter 5 -Querying the Semantic WebSPARQL;76 13.1;Tell-and-Ask Systems;77 13.2;RDF as a Tell-and-Ask System;81 13.3;SPARQLQuery Language for RDF;81 13.4;Construct Queries in SPARQL;101 13.5;Using Results of CONSTRUCT Queries;102 13.6;SPARQL rulesUsing SPARQL as a Rule Language;103 13.7;Advanced Features of SPARQL;113 13.8;Aggregates and Grouping (SPARQL 1.1);116 13.9;Subqueries (SPARQL 1.1);119 13.10;Union;120 13.11;Assignments (SPARQL 1.1);121 13.12;Federating SPARQL Queries;124 13.13;Summary;127 14;Chapter 6 -RDF and inferencing;128 14.1;Inference in the Semantic Web;129 14.2;Where Are the Smarts?;132 14.3;When Does Inferencing Happen?;136 14.4;Summary;137 15;Chapter 7 -RDF schema;140 15.1;Schema Languages and Their Functions;141 15.2;The RDF Schema Language;142 15.3;RDFS Modeling Combinations and Patterns;148 15.4;Set Union;150 15.5;Challenges;153 15.6;Modeling with Doma
ins and Ranges;161 15.7;Nonmodeling Properties in RDFS;165 15.8;Summary;166 16;Chapter 8 -RDFS-Plus;168 16.1;Inverse;169 16.2;Symmetric Properties;175 16.3;Transitivity;177 16.4;Equivalence;185 16.5;Computing SamenessFunctional Properties;193 16.6;A Few More Constructs;197 16.7;Summary;199 17;Chapter 9 -Using RDFS-Plus in the wild;202 17.1;Open Government Data;203 17.2;Data.gov Summary;210 17.3;FOAF;211 17.4;Facebooks Open Graph Protocol;218 17.5;Summary;220 18;Chapter 10 -SKOSmanaging vocabularies with RDFS-Plus;222 18.1;Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS);222 18.2;Semantic Relations in SKOS;225 18.3;Concept Schemes;229 18.4;SKOS Integrity;231 18.5;SKOS in Action;232 18.6;Summary;233 19;Chapter 11 -Basic OWL;236 19.1;Restrictions;236 19.2;Challenge Problems;252 19.3;Solution;256 19.4;Solution;260 19.5;Alternative Descriptions of Restrictions;261 19.6;Summary;263 20;Chapter 12 -Counting and sets in OWL;264 20.1;Unions and Intersections;265 20.2;Differentiating Multiple Individuals;270 20.3;Cardinality;272 20.4;Set Complement;277 20.5;Disjoint Sets;279 20.6;Prerequisites Revisited;281 20.7;Contradictions;285 20.8;Unsatisfiable Classes;286 20.9;Inferring Class Relationships;288 20.10;Reasoning with Individuals and with Classes;291 20.11;Summary;293 21;Chapter 13 -Ontologies on the Webputting it all together;294 21.1;The Good Relations Ontology;295 21.2;Inferencing in the Good Relations Ontology;298 21.3;Composing Files;300 21.4;Summary;302 21.5;Quantities, Units, and Dimensions;302 21.6;Converting Units with QUDT;304 21.7;Dimension Checking in QUDT;309 21.8;Summary;312 21.9;Biological Ontologies;313 21.10;CHEBI as Unambiguous Reference;313 21.11;CHEBI for Complex Search;314 21.12;Summary;319 22;Chapter 14 -Good and bad modeling practices;322 22.1;Getting Started;322 22.2;Modeling for Reuse;325 22.3;Common Modeling Errors;327 22.4;Summary;338 23;Chapter 15 -Expert modeling in OWL;340 23.1;Owl Subsets and Modeling Philosophy;341 23.2;OWL 2 Modeling Capabilities;
343 23.3;Summary;347 24;Chapter 16 -Conclusions;350 25;Appendix -Frequently asked questions;354 26;Further reading;358 26.1;Selected Books;358 26.2;Selected Articles;358 26.3;World Wide Web Consortium Publications on RDF, RDFS, and OWL;360 27;Index;362