Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-1881) was a Russian novelist, essayist, and philosopher whose works profoundly influenced modern literature and existential thought. After early literary success, he endured imprisonment and exile in Siberia, experiences that deepened the spiritual and psychological concerns of his later writing. His major novels-including The Idiot, Demons, and The Brothers Karamazov-are distinguished by their moral seriousness, complex characters, and penetrating exploration of faith, doubt, and human freedom.