Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy

Over the past decade, significant efforts have been made to develop stem cell-based therapies for difficult to treat diseases. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, also referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), appear to hold great promise in regards to a regenerative cell-based therapy for the treatment of these diseases. Currently, more than 200 clinical trials are underway worldwide exploring the use of MSCs for the treatment of a wide range of disorders including bone, cartilage and tendon damage, myocardial infarction, graft-versus-host disease, Crohn s disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, critical limb ischemia and many others.

MSCs were first identified by Friendenstein and colleagues as an adherent stromal cell population within the bone marrow with the ability to form clonogenic colonies
in vitro.
In regards to the basic biology associated with MSCs, there has been tremendous progress towards understanding this cell population s phenotype and function from a range of tissue sources. Despite enormous progress and an overall increased understanding of MSCs at the molecular and cellular level, several critical questions remain to be answered in regards to the use of these cells in therapeutic applications. Clinically, both autologous and allogenic approaches for the transplantation of MSCs are being explored. Several of the processing steps needed for the clinical application of MSCs, including isolation from various tissues, scalable
in vitro
expansion, cell banking, dose preparation, quality control parameters, delivery methods and numerous others are being extensively studied. Despite a significant number of ongoing clinical trials, none of the current therapeutic approaches have, at this point, become a standard of care treatment. Although exceptionally promising, the clinical translation of MSC-based therapies is still a work in progress.

Scaling-up Ex-vivo Expansion of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells for Cellular Therapies. - Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Mechanisms of Immunomodulation and Homing. - Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes: The Future MSC-based Therapy? . - The Biology of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Health and Disease and its Relevance to MSC-based Cell Delivery Therapies. - Pulmonary Clinical Applications for Mesenchymal Stem Cells. - Stem Cell Therapy for Bone Disorders. - Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies for Bone and Tendon Conditions. - Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) and the Repair of Cartilage Tissue. - Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Haematopoietic Stem Cell Culture. - Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment and Prevention of Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Graft Failure after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Future Challenges. - Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in Crohn s Disease. - Application of Mesenychymal Stem Cells in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. - Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Heart Disease. - Advances in Lentivector-based Cell Therapy with Mesenchymal Stem Cells. - Genetically Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cell and Gene Therapy. - Optimal Tissue Sources of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Clinical Trials. - Regulatory Considerations Applicable to Manufacturing of Human Placenta-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) Used in Clinical Trials in Australia and Comparison to USA and European Regulatory Frameworks. - Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Peripheral Vascular Diseases. - Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Clinic: What do the clinical trials say? .