Policing and Punishing the Drinking Driver is at one level about the impact of specific drinking-driving countermeasures (punishments imposed by courts on convicted offenders and random breath testing) in a particular place (New South Wales, Australia) in two particular years (1972 and 1983). At another level, however, the research reported herein is concerned with general questions of deterrence, and with the impact of the criminal justice system on the perception and behavior of a broad cross-section of the population. In contrast to much of the research in the drink-drive field, the research questions concentrate on the psychological and sociological processes whereby behavior is altered in the short-term as the result of a massive legal intervention or as the result of the routine imposition of legal punishments.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
1 Drinking Drivers and the Criminal Justice System.- Ways of Studying Drinking and Driving in the Context of the Criminal Justice System.- Drinking and Driving as Crime.- Who Is the Drinking Driver?.- Summary.- 2 A Model of the Deterrence Process.- Deterrence Theory and the Deterrence Doctrine.- Deterrence, Human Rationality, and Drinking and Driving.- Measuring Deterrence: Gibbs Fundamental Problem .- Elaborating the Deterrence Model for Random Breath Testing.- Elaboration of the Deterrence Model for the Study of Penalties and Reconviction Rates.- Summary.- 3 The Evidence for Deterrence.- Perceptual Research.- General Deterrence of the Drinking Driver.- Studies of Penalties and Reconvictions.- Summary.- 4 Random Breath Testing in Australia.- Trends in Road Safety.- Alcohol Use and Drink-Driving in Australia.- Random Breath Testing.- RBT Boots and All: Tasmania and New South Wales.- Summary.- 5 The Random Breath Test Study: Research Questions and Method.- The Research Questions.- Method.- Statistical Analysis.- 6 Results of the Random Breath Test Study.- Descriptive Analysis of the April Data.- The Effects of Police Testing: An Area-Level Analysis.- The Relationship Between Exposure to RBT and Perceptions of the Chances of Being Randomly Tested and Arrested for Drinking and Driving.- Influences on Arrest Certainty: Towards a Parsimonious Model.- Modifications to Travel and Drinking Behaviors in the April Survey.- Reasons for Not Drinking and Driving: Fear Versus Conscience.- The Longitudinal Study: February and April Compared.- Drink-Driving Between February and April.- Perceptions and Evaluations of Penalty Severity.- Summary of Main Results.- 7 The Penalties Study: Research Questions and Method.- The Research Questions.- The Design of the Penalties Study.- Relative and Perceived Severity of Penalty.- Environmental Factors.- A Typology of Convicted Offenders.- 8 Results of the Penalties Study.- Marginal Specific Deterrence: Reconviction Rates and Relative Severity of Penalties.- A Typology of the Convicted Drinking Driver.- Implications of the Penalties Study for the Deterrence Model.- 9 Implications of the Research.- Review of the Random Breath Text Study.- Review of the Penalties Study.- An Assessment of the Deterrence Model.- Implications for Social Policy.- Conclusion.- References.- Author Index.
