James Buchanan

James Buchanan (1919-2013), economist and philosopher, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1986 for his original theory of political democracy as market exchange. Buchanan believed economics should be concerned with liberty, individualism and equity.

1. Introduction 2. Individuals and Agreements 2.1. The Individual 2.2. The Truth Judgment 2.3. Truth as Consensus 2.4. Economic Psychology 2.5. The Agreement 3. Rules without Regulators 3.1. The Social Individual 3.2. Non-Conflictual Conventions 3.3. Group Size: Large and Small 3.4. Work and Saving: Ethics as an External Benefit 4. Social Justice: Buchanan and Rawls 4.1. Justice as Consent 4.2. Buchanan and Rawls 4.3. The First Principle 4.4. The Second Principle 5. Social Evolution: Buchanan and Hayek 5.1. Market as Discovery 5.2. Conventions and Heuristics 5.3. The Visible Hand 6. Acts and Rules 6.1. Conservatives and Libertarians 6.2. Buchanan as an Anarchist 6.3. When East went West 7. Constitutional Rules 7.1. The Calculus of Consent 7.2. The Original Contract 7.3. Unanimity of Consent 7.4. Unanimity and Unknowledge 7.5. Collective Regulation: The Citizen and the State 7.6. Updating the Constitution 8. Operational Rules 8.1. Percentages and Externalities 8.2. The Tyranny of the Majority 8.3. Pareto Optimality 9. The Microeconomics of Consent 9.1. Vote-Selling 9.2. Vote-Trading 10. Moral Anarchy 10.1. Things Fall Apart 10.2. External Costs 10.3. Politicians 10.4. Bureaucrats 11. Keynesian Ethics 11.1. Democracy without Consultation 11.2. The Politics of the Deficit 11.3. Debt: Objective and Subjective 11.4. Inflation 11.5. Macroeconomic Management 12. Ethics as Unknowledge 12.1. Agreement is All 12.2. The Fear Motive 13. Economics as Unknowledge 13.1. The Mission of the Economist 13.2. The Subjectivist Heritage 13.3. Buchanan as a Subjectivist 14. Macroeconomic Policy 14.1. Fiscal Policy 14.2. Monetary Policy 15. Microeconomic Policy 15.1. The Minimal State 15.2. The Protective State 15.3. The Productive State 15.4. The Transfer State 16. Buchanan's Legacy