The Golgi Apparatus

General considerations. - The Golgi apparatus and main discoveries in the field of intracellular transport. - The Golgi apparatus as a crossroads in intracellular traffic. - Main machineries operating at the Golgi apparatus. - SNAREs. - Rabs. - COPII. - COPI: mechanisms and transport roles. - Arfs and Arls: models for Arf family members in membrane traffic at the Golgi. - COG complex. - The TRAPP complex. - The role of Ca2 in the regulation of intracellular transport. - Golgi glycosylation enzymes. - Nucleotide sugar transporters of the Golgi apparatus. - Luminal lectins. - The Golgi ribbon and the function of the Golgins. - Functional cross talk between membrane trafficking and cell signalling. - The role of the cytoskeleton in the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus. - The dynamin-cortactin complex as a mediator of vesicle formation at the trans-Golgi network. - The geometry of organelles of the secretory pathway. - Main transport steps. - ER-to-Golgi transport. - Intra-Golgi transport. - Structure and domain organization of the trans- Golgi network. - Golgi-to-PM transport. - Protein transport from the trans-Golgi network to endosomes. - The transport of soluble lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi complex to lysosomes. - Transport of lysosomal membrane proteins from the Golgi complex to lysosomes. - Retrograde endosome-to-TGN transport. - Retrograde plasma membrane-to-Golgi apparatus transport. - Interactions between endocytosis and secretory transport. - Origins of the regulated secretory pathway. - Secretion and endocytosis in endothelial cells. - Formation of mucin granules. - Golgi apparatus and epithelial cell polarity. - Golgi apparatus inheritance. - Peculiarities of intracellular transport in different organisms. - Features of the plant Golgi apparatus. - Yeast Golgi apparatus. - Morphodynamics of the yeast Golgi apparatus. - Structure and function of the Golgi organelle in parasitic protists. - Evolution of the Golgi complex. - General conclusions. - Concluding remarks, questions, and perspectives.