Complex Problem Solving

This volume presents a state-of-the-science review of the most promising current European research -- and its historic roots of research -- on complex problem solving (CPS) in Europe. It is an attempt to close the knowledge gap among American scholars regarding the European approach to understanding CPS. Although most of the American researchers are well aware of the fact that CPS has been a very active research area in Europe for quite some time, they do not know any specifics about even the most important research. Part of the reason for this lack of knowledge is undoubtedly the fact that European researchers -- for the most part -- have been rather reluctant to publish their work in English-language journals.

The book concentrates on European research because the basic approach European scholars have taken to studying CPS is very different from one taken by North American researchers. Traditionally, American scholars have been studying CPS in "natural" domains -- physics, reading, writing, and chess playing -- concentrating primarily on exploring novice-expert differences and the acquisition of a complex skill. European scholars, in contrast, have been primarily concerned with problem solving behavior in artificially generated, mostly computerized, complex systems. While the American approach has the advantage of high external validity, the European approach has the advantage of system variables that can be systematically manipulated to reveal the effects of system parameters on CPS behavior. The two approaches are thus best viewed as complementing each other.

This volume contains contributions from four European countries -- Sweden, Switzerland, Great Britain, and Germany. As such, it accurately represents the bulk of empirical research on CPS which has been conducted in Europe. An international cooperation started two years ago with the goal of bringing the European research on complex problem solving to the awareness of American scholars. A direct result of that effort, the contributions to this book are both informative and comprehensive.

Contents: Preface. Part I: Introduction.P.A. Frensch, J. Funke, Definitions, Traditions, and a General Framework for Understanding Complex Problem Solving. A. Buchner, Basic Topics and Approaches to the Study of Complex Problem Solving. D. Dörner, A.J. Wearing, Complex Problem Solving: Toward a (Computersimulated) Theory. Part II: General Topics in the Study of Complex Problem Solving.B. Brehmer, Feedback Delays in Complex Dynamic Decision Tasks. D.C. Berry, D.E. Broadbent, Implicit Learning in the Control of Complex Systems. O. Huber, Complex Problem Solving as Multistage Decision Making. Part III: The Differential Approach to Complex Problem Solving.J.F. Beckmann, J. Guthke, Complex Problem Solving, Intelligence, and Learning Ability. J.F. Krems, Cognitive Flexibility and Complex Problem Solving. U. Funke, Using Complex Problem Solving Tasks in Personnel Selection and Training. Part IV: Methodological Issues in Research on Complex Problem Solving.J. Funke, Experimental Research on Complex Problem Solving. R.H. Kluwe, Single Case Studies and Models of Complex Problem Solving. Part V: Conclusions.R.J. Sternberg, Expertise in Complex Problem Solving: A Comparison of Alternative Conceptions.