The Plant Vacuole

Advances in Botanical Research is a multi-volume publication that brings together reviews by recognized experts on subjects of importance to those involved in botanical research. For more than thirty years, Advances in Botanical Research has earned a reputation for excellence in the field. For those working on plant pathology, Advances in Plant Pathology has also carved a niche in the plant sciences during its decade of publication. Academic Press has merged Advances in Plant Pathology into Advances in Botanical Research. The plant science community will find that the merger of these two serials will provide one comprehensive resource for the field. To ensure complete coverage, John Andrews and Inez Tommerup, the editors of Advances in Plant Pathology, have joined the editorial board of the new series, which will include equal coverage of plant pathology and botany in both thematic and mixed volumes. The first few volumes of the new series will be slanted toward botany or plant pathology; however, future eclectic volumes will be fully integrated. The resulting synergy of these two serials greatly benefits the plant science community by providing a more comprehensive resource under one roof. The joint aim is to continue to include the very best articles, thereby maintaining the status of a high impact factor review series.

1;Front Cover;1 2;Advances in Botanical Research, Volume 25;4 3;Copyright Page;5 4;Contents;8 5;Contributors to Volume 25;18 6;Contents of Volumes 1424;20 7;Series Preface;28 8;Preface;30 9;Chapter 1. The Biogenesis of Vacuoles: Insights from Microscopy;32 9.1;I. Introduction;32 9.2;II. Sorting of Vacuolar Precursors;33 9.3;III. The Autophagic Pathway;38 9.4;IV. Endocytic Pathways and Vacuole Biogenesis;48 9.5;V. Ontogeny of Vacuoles Specialized in Protein Storage;58 9.6;VI. Conclusions;63 9.7;Acknowledgements;64 9.8;References;64 10;Chapter 2. Molecular Aspects of Vacuole Biogenesis;74 10.1;I. Introduction;74 10.2;II. Targeting of Soluble Proteins to the Vacuole;76 10.3;III. Mechanism of Protein Transport to the Vacuole;81 10.4;IV. Transport of Membrane Proteins to the Tonoplast;85 10.5;V. Perspectives;86 10.6;Acknowledgements;87 10.7;References;87 11;Chapter 3. The Vacuole: a CostBenefit Analysis;90 11.1;I. Introduction;90 11.2;II. Demonstrated and Hypothesized Functions of Vacuoles. and Alternative Means of Performing these Functions;93 11.3;III. Demonstrated and Hypothesized Costs of Producing and Maintaining Vacuoles, and of Costs of Alternative Means of Performing Vacuolar Functions;93 11.4;IV. A Case History: "Vacuolate" (Eu)bacteria;93 11.5;V. Another Case History: Vacuoles and Buoyancy;106 11.6;VI. Costs and Benefits of Vacuolation: Simple Analyses and the Allocation of Costs Among Various Benefits;109 11.7;VII. Evolutionary Aspects;112 11.8;VIII. Conclusions;113 11.9;Acknowledgements;113 11.10;References;113 12;Chapter 4. The Vacuole and Cell Senescence;118 12.1;I. Introduction;118 12.2;II. Leaf Senescence;120 12.3;III. Senescence and Autolysis in Various Cell Phenotypes;134 12.4;IV. Programmed Cell Death;136 12.5;V. Retrospect;137 12.6;References;138 13;Chapter 5. Protein Bodies: Storage Vacuoles in Seeds;144 13.1;I. Introduction;145 13.2;II. Ontogeny of PSVs;145 13.3;III. The Golgi Apparatus Mediates the Deposition of PSV Constituents in Dicotyledonous P
lants;147 13.4;IV. Transport of Storage Proteins to Vacuoles in Monocotyledonous Plants;151 13.5;V. Developmental Regulation of the PSV Tonoplast;154 13.6;VI. Enzyme Composition of PSVs;158 13.7;VII. Diversity of Vacuolar Storage Proteins and Enzymes;159 13.8;VIII. Assembly and Processing of Storage Proteins;160 13.9;IX. Expression of Storage Protein Genes in Transgenic Plants;164 13.10;Acknowledgements;166 13.11;References;166 14;Chapter 6. Compartmentation of Secondary Metabolites and Xenobiotics in Plant Vacuoles;172 14.1;I. Introduction;172 14.2;II. Vacuolar Storage of Secondary Compounds and Xenobiotics;176 14.3;III. Conclusions;190 14.4;Acknowledgements;191 14.5;References;191 15;Chapter 7. Solute Composition of Vacuoles;202 15.1;I. Introduction;202 15.2;II. Variability of Vacuolar Solute Composition;203 15.3;III. Regulation of Vacuolar Solute Pools;213 15.4;IV. A Model;218 15.5;V. Conclusions;220 15.6;References;220 16;Chapter 8. The Vacuole and Carbohydrate Metabolism;226 16.1;I. Introduction;226 16.2;II. Methodological Approaches;227 16.3;III. Sucrose and its Component Hexoses;229 16.4;IV. Fructans;235 16.5;V. Raffinose-series Oligosaccharides;238 16.6;VI. Other Carbohydrates;239 16.7;VII. Conclusions;241 16.8;Acknowledgements;242 16.9;References;242 17;Chapter 9. Vacuolar Ion Channels of Higher Plants;248 17.1;I. Introduction;249 17.2;II. Cation Channels;257 17.3;III. Anion Channels;272 17.4;IV. Summary of Individual Channel Characteristics;274 17.5;V. Integration of Vacuolar Channel Activity;274 17.6;VI. Conclusions;277 17.7;Acknowledgements;278 17.8;References;278 18;Chapter 10. The Physiology. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Plant Vacuolar ATPase;284 18.1;I. Introduction;284 18.2;II. Phylogeny;286 18.3;III. Ontogeny;288 18.4;IV. Properties;293 18.5;V. Holoenzyme Subunit Fine Structure;298 18.6;VI. Electron Microscopy;301 18.7;VII. Physiological Functions and Ecophysiological Responses;307 18.8;VIII. Cell Physiological Regulation;312 18.9;IX. C
onclusions and Outlook;315 18.10;Acknowledgements;316 18.11;References;316 19;Chapter 11. The Molecular and Biochemical Basis of Pyrophosphate-Energized Proton Translocation at the Vacuolar Membrane;328 19.1;I. Introduction;329 19.2;II. Reaction Mechanism;330 19.3;III. Molecular Identity and Sequence;338 19.4;IV. Structure-function Relations;342 19.5;V. Future Research;360 19.6;Acknowledgements;362 19.7;References;363 20;Chapter 12. The Bioenergetics of Vacuolar H+ Pumps;370 20.1;I. Introduction;371 20.2;II. Determination of the Coupling Ratio;371 20.3;III. Patch Clamp Studies of the V-PPase;374 20.4;IV. Patch Clamp Studies of the V-ATPase;383 20.5;V. Physiological Consequences;389 20.6;VI. Conclusions;390 20.7;Acknowledgements;391 20.8;References;391 21;Chapter 13. Transport of Organic Molecules Across the Tonoplast;396 21.1;I. Introduction;397 21.2;II. Carbohydrates;398 21.3;III. Organic Acids;403 21.4;IV. Amino Acids;413 21.5;V. Polyamines and Peptides;417 21.6;VI. Transport of Secondary Products of Plant Metabolism;419 21.7;VII. Conclusion;421 21.8;Acknowledgements;421 21.9;References;421 22;Chapter 14. Secondary Inorganic Ion Transport at the Tonoplast;432 22.1;I. Introduction;432 22.2;II. Cations;433 22.3;III. Anions;439 22.4;IV. Conclusions;443 22.5;References;444 23;Chapter 15. Aquaporins and Water Transport Across the Tonoplast;450 23.1;I. Introduction;450 23.2;II. How are Water Channel Proteins Assayed?;451 23.3;III. The Discovery of Aquaporins in Plants;453 23.4;IV. Aquaporin TIP and Aquaporin PIP are Members of a Large Gene Family;454 23.5;V. The Structure of the Aqueous Pore;454 23.6;VI. The Activity of a Seed-Specific Tonoplast Aquaporin is Regulated by Phosphorylation;457 23.7;VII. Developmental Regulation of Tonoplast Aquaporins;458 23.8;VIII. Are Aquaporins Active in Plants?;459 23.9;IX. Do Aquaporins Play a Role in Water Transport in the Plant?;459 23.10;Acknowledgements;461 23.11;References;461 24;Subject Index;464 25;Author Index;472